Oxaliplatin undergoes nonenzymatic conversion in physiologic solutions to active derivatives via displacement of the labile oxalate ligand. Several transient reactive species are formed, including monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum, which covalently bind with macromolecules. Both inter- and intrastrand Pt-DNA crosslinks are formed. Crosslinks are formed between the N7 positions of two adjacent guanines (GG), adjacent adenine-guanines (AG), and guanines separated by an intervening nucleotide (GNG). These crosslinks inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Cytotoxicity is cell-cycle nonspecific. In vivo studies have shown antitumor activity of oxaliplatin against colon carcinoma. In combination with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity greater than either compound alone in several tumor models [HT29 (colon), GR (mammary), and L1210 (leukemia)].

INDICATION

This medication is used to treat advanced cancer of the colon and rectum. Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapy drug that contains platinum. It is used in combination with other medications to slow or stop cancer cell growth.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This medication may also be used to treat other types of cancer (such as testicular cancer).

Oxaliplatin undergoes nonenzymatic conversion in physiologic solutions to active derivatives via displacement of the labile oxalate ligand. Several transient reactive species are formed, including monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum, which covalently bind with macromolecules. Both inter- and intrastrand Pt-DNA crosslinks are formed. Crosslinks are formed between the N7 positions of two adjacent guanines (GG), adjacent adenine-guanines (AG), and guanines separated by an intervening nucleotide (GNG). These crosslinks inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Cytotoxicity is cell-cycle nonspecific. In vivo studies have shown antitumor activity of oxaliplatin against colon carcinoma. In combination with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity greater than either compound alone in several tumor models [HT29 (colon), GR (mammary), and L1210 (leukemia)].

INDICATION

This medication is used to treat advanced cancer of the colon and rectum. Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapy drug that contains platinum. It is used in combination with other medications to slow or stop cancer cell growth. This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.This medication may also be used to treat other types of cancer (such as testicular cancer).

The in vitro cytotoxicity observed for Etoposide phosphate is significantly less than that seen with Etoposide which is believed due to the necessity for conversion in vivo to the active moiety, Etoposide, by dephosphorylation. The mechanism of action is believed to be the same as that of Etoposide. Etoposide has been shown to cause metaphase arrest in chick fibroblasts. Its main effect, however, appears to be at the G₂ portion of the cell cycle in mammalian cells. Two different dose-dependent responses are seen. At high concentrations (10 µg/mL or more), lysis of cells entering mitosis is observed. At low concentrations (0.3 to 10 µg/mL), cells are inhibited from entering prophase. It does not interfere with microtubular assembly. The predominant macromolecular effect of Etoposide appears to be the induction of DNA strand breaks by an interaction with DNA-topoisomerase II or the formation of free radicals.

INDICATION

Etoposide (Etoposide phosphate) for Injection is indicated in the management of the following neoplasms:

Refractory Testicular Tumors – Etoposide (Etoposide phosphate) for Injection in combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with refractory testicular tumors who have already received appropriate surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic therapy.

Small Cell Lung Cancer – Etoposide (Etoposide phosphate) for Injection in combination with other approved chemotherapeutic agents as first-line treatment in patients with small cell lung cancer.

Epirubicin is a cell cycle phase, nonspecific anthracycline. It forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis.

INDICATION

Injection is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer.

Epirubicin is a cell cycle phase, nonspecific anthracycline. It forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis.

INDICATION

Injection is indicated as a component of adjuvant therapy in patients with evidence of axillary node tumor involvement following resection of primary breast cancer.

Doxorubicin belongs to the group of cancer-fighting medications known as antineoplastics, and specifically to the family of antineoplastics called anthracyclines. Doxorubicin prevents the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the genetic material DNA, which is necessary for reproduction of cells.

INDICATION

Doxorubicin is used to treat many types of cancer, including cancers of the blood (e.g., leukemia), bone, breast, ovaries, testicles, thyroid, head and neck, bladder, stomach and soft tissues, Hodgkin’s disease, lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Wilm’s tumour, and neuroblastomas.

Doxorubicin belongs to the group of cancer-fighting medications known as antineoplastics, and specifically to the family of antineoplastics called anthracyclines. Doxorubicin prevents the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the genetic material DNA, which is necessary for reproduction of cells.

INDICATION

Doxorubicin is used to treat many types of cancer, including cancers of the blood (e.g., leukemia), bone, breast, ovaries, testicles, thyroid, head and neck, bladder, stomach and soft tissues, Hodgkin’s disease, lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Wilm’s tumour, and neuroblastomas.

carboplatin injection is supplied as a sterile, pyrogen-free, 10 mg/mL aqueous solution of carboplatin. Carboplatin is a platinum coordination compound. The chemical name for carboplatin is platinum, diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O′ ]-

Carboplatin is a synthetic analogue of cisplatin. Like cisplatin, carboplatin interferes with DNA intrastrand and interstrand crosslinks in cells exposed to the drug. DNA reactivity has been correlated with cytotoxicity.

INDICATION

Carboplatin is an antineoplastic. It works by disrupting the cell growth of cancer cells, which helps you fight cancer.

It is used in ovarian cancer, advanced bladder, Head & neck cancer.

Cisplatin (cisplatin injection) (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) is a heavy metal complex containing a central atom of platinum surrounded by two chloride atoms and two ammonia molecules in the cis position. It is a white powder with the molecular formula PtCl₂H₆N₂, and a molecular weight of 300.05. It is soluble in water or saline at 1 mg/mL and in dimethylformamide at 24 mg/mL.

It is a platinum coordination complex. It causes cross linking of DNA; favoured site being N7 of guanine residue. It can also react with –SH groups in proteins and has radiomimetic property. It is bound to plasma proteins, enters, tissues & is slowly excreted unchanged in urine. Cisplatin is very effective in metastatic testicular & ovarian carcinoma. It has found use in some other solid tumours as well.

INDICATION :-

Cisplatin injection is indicated as therapy to be employed as follows:

Metastatic Testicular Tumors – In established combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with metastatic testicular tumors who have already received appropriate surgical and/or radiotherapeutic procedures.

Metastatic Ovarian Tumors – In established combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with metastatic ovarian tumors who have already received appropriate surgical and/or radiotherapeutic procedures. An established combination consists of cisplatin (cisplatin injection) and cyclophosphamide. Cisplatin (cisplatin injection) , as a single agent, is indicated as secondary therapy in patients with metastatic ovarian tumors refractory to standard chemotherapy who have not previously received cisplatin (cisplatin injection) therapy.

Advanced Bladder Cancer – Cisplatin (cisplatin injection) is indicated as a single agent for patients with transitional cell bladder cancer which is no longer amenable to local treatments such as surgery and/or radiotherapy,